From Rabbeynu Bechayai
Every
week Rabbeynu Bechayai captures the theme of the week's parsha in a
verse from Mishlei.
A steed is prepared for a day of battle, but the victory is the L-rd's
סוּס מוּכָן לְיוֹם מִלְחָמָה ולה' התשועה
Mishlei 21:31
This emphasizes that the theme of the
parshah is saying that we should not rely on miracles, but need to take action ourselves and to do everything that we can in the most natural way possible, to the fullest extent that our strength allows - and only then leave the rest to the
Hands of Heaven. For miracles come to
complement where nature lacks, and man as a part of nature has to work in this world to fulfill Hashem's will.
In preparing for war against one's enemy (a worthy opponent) we need to prepare instruments of war, horses, and chariots. For if we are not prepared and look to rely on miracles, we will fall into the hands of our enemy. We are not expected to necessarily succeed, but to definitely try with all our own power.
I found this surprising considering the dramatic events that take place, with cataclysmic turn and its impact on Jewish history.
QUESTION: How does the events of the parshah underscore this theme?
A Good Land
Moses sent
them to scout the Land of Canaan, and he said to them, "Go up this way
in the south and climb up the mountain. You shall see what [kind of] land it is, and the people who inhabit it; are they strong or weak? Are there few or many? And what of the land they inhabit? Is it good or bad? And what of the cities in which they reside are they in camps or in fortresses? What is the soil like is it fat or lean? Are there any trees in it or not? You shall be courageous and take from the fruit of the land."
Bamidbar 13:17-20
The
status of the land is repeated and is central to the instructions that
Moshe gives. He did not expect that the spies would report that the land
is bad, but expected for them to say it is good. Moshe's instructions
carry clear expectations that the spies are meant to return from their
mission and declare how good the land that Hashem has promised really
is.
Their journey is a good one and the destination is good. But out of the spies response, our journey begins to collapse.
Why did they tour Eretz Yisroel specifically for 40 days?
According to the number of days which you toured the Land forty days, a day for each year, you will [thus] bear your iniquities for forty years; thus you will come to know My alienation.
בְּמִסְפַּר הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר תַּרְתֶּם אֶת הָאָרֶץ אַרְבָּעִים יוֹם יוֹם לַשָּׁנָה יוֹם לַשָּׁנָה תִּשְׂאוּ אֶת עֲוֹנֹתֵיכֶם אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה וִידַעְתֶּם אֶת תְּנוּאָתִי
Bamidbar 14:34
The Torah exacts a punishment of a year for every day of waywardness. Why?
This gave the spies an impetus to demand a return to Egypt - "Is it not better for us to return to
Egypt", for they knew that Egypt was destined to sit forsaken for 40 years.
Kli Yakar
No foot of man shall pass through it, nor foot of beast shall pass through it, it shall not be inhabited for forty years. And I will make the land of Egypt desolate even amongst the desolate lands, and its cities, a desolation even amongst cities in ruins, forty years.
לֹא תַעֲבָר בָּהּ רֶגֶל אָדָם וְרֶגֶל בְּהֵמָה לֹא תַעֲבָר בָּהּ וְלֹא תֵשֵׁב אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה. וְנָתַתִּי אֶת אֶרֶץ מִצְרַיִם שְׁמָמָה בְּתוֹךְ | אֲרָצוֹת נְשַׁמּוֹת וְעָרֶיהָ בְּתוֹךְ עָרִים מָחֳרָבוֹת תִּהְיֶיןָ שְׁמָמָה אַרְבָּעִים שָׁנָה
Yechezkel 29:11-12
"it shall not be inhabited for forty years"
Forty-two years of famine were decreed in Pharaoh’s dream.
- Corresponding to the 3 times the dreams are told.
1) Pharoah Dreams (Breisheit 41:1-7)
7 plump cows
[7] thin cows
7 healthy stalks of grain
[7] thin stalks of grain [14]
2) Pharaoh retells dreams to Yosef (Breisheit 41:17-24)
7 plump cows
[7] thin cows
7 healthy stalks of grain
[7] thin stalks of grain [28]
3) Yosef tells Pharaoh back his dream (Breisheit 41:25-31)
7 plump cows
[7] thin cows
7 healthy stalks of grain
[7] thin stalks of grain [42].
But they had only 2 years of famine, as it is stated (ibid. 45:6): “For it is two years now that the famine has been on earth,” and when Jacob came down to Egypt, the famine ceased, for behold in the third year they sowed, as it is stated (ibid. 47:19): “and then you give us seed that we may live etc.,” and the forty years were paid to them now.
Rashi - Yechezkel 29:11
The spies knew that the Egypt still needed to suffer another 40 years of either desolation or famine. Therefore the spies wandered for 40 days to communicate to Yisrael a coded message that these 40 days of seeing a place, a place where they raised the false claim that the land consumes it's inhabitants. They asserted that this was worse than to suffer 40 years of desolation that had been decreed upon Egypt, inspiring a nation to speak loshon harah. In a bizarre statement, the Jewish people were then rallied to say 'Lets go back to Egypt. (Bamidbar 14:4)' that they would have been either better off to be in Egypt or to have died in the desert.
Why Demand to Return to Egypt?
"And each man said to his brother: 'Let us appoint a leader and lets go back to Egypt.'"
Bamidbar 14:4
Rav Meidan (Torah MiTzion) explains, that it was this sentence that sealed the fate of the Jewish People.
This is the first time that Am Yisrael explicitly requested to go back to Egypt. Previously, they had complained that Hashem (and Moshe) took them out of Egypt, and they yearned for the delicacies of Egypt, yet they had never before actually suggested returning to Egypt.
The main problem with going back to Egypt is the fact of going back into Egyptian slavery. So clearly, Am Yisrael was not talking about the actual place called Egypt. Rather, they were expressing their desire to go back to their previous way of life. They expressed a yearning not directly for
Egyptian slavery but to nullify their service of Hashem. HKB"H liberated them from Egyptian slavery and made them into a nation - so that they could serve Him.
I am Hashem, your G-d, Who took you out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
Where serving Hashem is conditional upon leaving Egypt, so wanting to return to Egypt is, in effect, equivalent to wanting to cease serving Hashem. When they were in the desert, Am Yisrael had not yet internalized the idea that they were to only go forward - to Eretz Yisrael. Since they did not view the conquest as an inescapable and unavoidable war, they easily changed their minds about entering the Land when faced with potential danger, and they were not yet prepared to enter the Land.
The Very Very Good Land
As the Imrei Noam says, the speech of Tzadikim is composed of
combinations of letters, numerical values, and calculations in order to nullify harsh decrees, where they can actually flip Midat Hadin (the strict law)
into Midat HaRachamim (the merciful side).
They can take a 'נגע' - an affliction, and turn it into an 'ענג' - a pleasure. So as Tzadikim
decree, HaKadosh Baruch fulfills, seemingly able to force Hashem to want the new state Himself, like it says in Tehillim (145:19): He does the will of
those who fear Him - "רְצוֹן יְרֵאָיו יַעֲשֶׂה"
We see how the great leaders, the Tzadikim, Caleb and Yoshua provide an emergency intervention and give the spies a chance to speak
good of the land.
They spoke to the entire congregation of the children of Israel, saying, "The land we passed through to scout is an exceedingly good land."
וַיֹּאמְרוּ אֶל כָּל עֲדַת בְּנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל לֵאמֹר הָאָרֶץ אֲשֶׁר עָבַרְנוּ בָהּ לָתוּר אֹתָהּ טוֹבָה הָאָרֶץ מְאֹד מְאֹד
Bamidbar 14:7
In response to the slander of the spies and the people's calls to return
to Egypt, Caleb and Yoshua implore the people emphasizing that "the land is very
very good."
Netivot Shalom
Why emphasize the goodness of the land by
Miod Miod (מְאֹד מְאֹד)? The goodness could not simply be a material goodness, but rather a spiritual aspect, showing the need for humility, as we learn in the gemarah in Ketubot (110B) "whoever lives in the Land of Israel may be considered to have a G-d, but whoever lives outside the Land may be regarded as one who has no G-d." For Eretz Yisrael is considered to be a donation from the entire world.
HKBH provides a number of tools for strengthening our connection with Hashem: Shabbat, Torah learning, performing mitzvot, and Eretz Yisrael - the dwelling place of the shechinah.
This is the meaning of
Miod Miod, this is to say that in EretzYisrael we can best rise up to highest spiritual levels more than in any other place. Nevertheless, where residing in Eretz Yisrael also as obligations. As opposed to the spies position.
Had the spies spoken good then they would have reversed a process
that had begun with the earlier complaints about delicacies in Egypt, taking us out of a spiritual malaise
and out of the grip of death.
While sin can lead to
sin, nothing is irreversible, so in fact Moshe's intention in sending
the spies was to thwart a deteriorating process and save the journey.
Rav Sacks: Lubavitcher Rebbe
The most remarkable by far of all the commentators
on the episode of the spies was the Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Menachem
Mendel Schneersohn. He raised the obvious question. The Torah emphasizes
that the spies were all leaders, princes, heads of tribes. They knew
that God was with them, and that with His help there was nothing they
could not do. They knew that God would not have promised them a land
they could not conquer. Why then did they come back with a negative
report?
His answer turns the conventional understanding of the
spies upside down. They were, he said, not afraid of defeat. They were
afraid of victory. What they said to the people was one thing, but what
led them to say it was another entirely.
What was their situation
now, in the wilderness? They lived in close and continuous proximity to
Hashem. They drank water from a rock. They ate manna from heaven. They
were surrounded by the Clouds of Glory. Miracles accompanied them along
the way.
What would be their situation in the land? They would
have to fight wars, plough the land, plant seed, gather harvests, create
and sustain an army, an economy and a welfare system. They would have
to do what every other nation does: live in the real world of empirical
space. What then would happen to their relationship with Hashem? Yes, He
would still be present in the rain that made crops grow, in the
blessings of field and town, and in the Temple in Jerusalem that they
would visit three times a year, but not visibly, intimately,
miraculously, as He was in the desert. This is what the spies feared:
not failure but success.
This, said the Rebbe, was a noble sin
but still a sin. God wants us to live in the real world of nations,
economies and armies. God wants us, as he put it, to create “a dwelling
place in the lower world.” He wants us to bring the Shekhinah, the
Divine presence, into everyday life.That is what ten of the spies failed
to understand, and it was a spiritual failure that condemned an entire
generation to forty years of futile wandering. (from
Covenant & Conversation: Confidence)
Story- Asserting our Internal Strength
I heard story related about the Rebbe from Tzanz. One day the Rebbe called over a Chassid and said, "If you found a large sum of money in the road, what would you do?"
The Chassid answered, "I would announce a lost object and return it."
"Liar!" said the Rebbe.
He called over another Chassid and presented the same situation, asking what he would do?
"Well Rebbe I've been going through hard times recently and I'd have to keep the money."
"Fool!" said the Rebbe.
He called over another Chassid and asked what he would do.
"Rebbe, the right thing to do is to announce a lost object and to seek out the owner. Yet, my enemy, the
Yetzer Harah, is strong and will try to impress upon me to keep the money and not release it. I just hope that I would have the strength to withstand that influence and do the right thing."
The Rebbe smiled and was satisfied.
CONCLUSION
Rabbeynu Bechayai makes our actions the
central theme of this week's parshah. Bringing evidence from Tanach, we see how Hashem promised to save Noach
and his family, nevertheless he
built an ark. And David HaMelech doesn't
take it for granted that a victory is ensured, but turns to the
Urim V'tumin
to get insight for which direction to head in battle. And so also in
our Parshah, despite getting divine assurance that we will inherit
the land of Israel and that it is good, Moshe sent a the group of spies to check ourselves.
Our world is like standing
on an escalator that is going down, you want to maintain your level you
have to put in work to stay at your spot. Even if you have attained a
level, it doesn't stick. We get too comfortable. There is a gravity to
spirituality. The nature of the world pulls us down.
To
maintain the normal level requires an assertion of effort. And to grow
requires work. We have to actively seek out to grow. Most of us go
through life waiting for something nice to happen ( and then forgetting
it did). If you want to stay in this very positive place. It requires an
effort. Sometimes we become passive participants in our lives. So let's
actively seek out.
We have to take action and make things happen - setting that
time for a little more learning, putting more effort into doing a mitzvah etc. This is what living more in the moment is all about.
Good luck!
